This study of European Migration Network (EMN) outlines efforts by 25 EMN Member and Observer Countries to combat trafficking in human beings. It delves into current and future strategic responses across prevention, law enforcement, and international partnerships.
Trafficking in human beings constitutes a serious violation of human rights under international law and the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights (Article 5(3)). Trafficking in human beings involves recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring, or control of individuals through coercion, deception, abuse of vulnerability, or financial inducements for the purpose of exploitation.
While many trafficking victims within the EU are EU nationals, data from third-country nationals comprised 63.1% of victims of human trafficking in 2022, compared to roughly 43% for the period 2019-2021. At the same time, many victims remain undetected.
Strengthening the EU’s response
Recognising the increasing international dimension, the EU designated this issue as a priority under the EU Strategy on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings 2021-2025 to reinforce efforts to combat trafficking in human beings beyond EU borders. The EU Anti-Trafficking Directive was amended in 2024 and entered into force on 14 July 2024. The modifications introduced stronger rules to fight trafficking in human beings and provided reinforced tools for public authorities to investigate and prosecute trafficking offences. It also provides for better support for victims of trafficking. Based on the Strategy and the Directive, the EU Anti-Trafficking Coordinator (EU ATC) promotes a coordinated and coherent approach to address trafficking in human beings.
EMN Member and Observer Countries’ initiatives
Within this framework, EMN Member and Observer Countries have implemented a range of policy measures to tackle the international dimension of trafficking in human beings. Prioritised thematic areas include crime prevention, victim protection, law enforcement coordination, and prosecution of perpetrators. Many countries focus on specific third countries, regions, or migrant groups, reflecting tailored approaches to address trafficking risks effectively.
You may find the full report as well as the EMN Inform and the EMN Flash on the same topic below!